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Module 6 of 88–10 minutes

Stock, Deliveries and Service Work

The core module — deliveries and stock, kegs, shelf filling, roll cages, checkouts, trolley collection, commercial kitchens, housekeeping and the pressure of peak periods.

Last reviewed September 2026 · Part of Manual Handling Training for Hospitality and Retail Workers

Key learning points

  • Receive and put away deliveries safely, including cartons, crates, sacks and kegs
  • Fill shelves at height and at floor level without sustained awkward postures
  • Move roll cages and trolleys safely on a shop floor with customers present
  • Reduce the repetition load of checkout, kitchen and service work
  • Apply safe practice to housekeeping and trolley collection
  • Recognise the pressure of peak periods and use breaks and rotation

Deliveries and the back dock

Deliveries are the heaviest concentrated handling of the day. In an hour you may move more weight than in the rest of the shift combined, often under time pressure from a driver who has other drops to make. How a delivery is received decides how many times each item is lifted before it reaches its shelf, fridge or cellar.

Receiving a delivery

  • Check the receiving area is clear, dry and lit before the truck arrives
  • Have the pallet jack, roll cage, sack truck or crate trolley ready — do not go looking for it with the driver waiting
  • Do not accept a pallet or a stack of cartons left on the footpath or somewhere you would have to carry from; ask the driver to bring it to the dock or door as agreed
  • Break a pallet down from the top, layer by layer, at waist height; do not dig heavy items out from the bottom
  • Move stock from pallet to trolley, not pallet to floor and floor to trolley — every extra put-down is an extra lift
  • Sacks of flour, rice and sugar go on a sack truck; crates of bottles and cases of milk stay close to your body and no higher than chest height when stacked
  • Check cartons for damage, leaks and broken bottoms before you lift them
  • The driver's schedule is not your risk assessment — if the delivery cannot be received safely right now, say so

Kegs

A full 50 litre keg commonly weighs 50–60 kg or more; even an empty one is around 12–15 kg. Kegs are never lifted by one person and should not be lifted by hand at all. Move them on a keg trolley or with a keg lifter, with two people for steps, ramps and cellar hatches. Rolling a keg on its rim is only for short distances on flat ground by someone who has been shown how. Cellar ramps, drop hatches, cold rooms and wet cellar floors add slip and crush risks, so follow your venue's cellar procedure exactly. If a driver leaves kegs somewhere you cannot move them safely, do not improvise — report it and wait for the right equipment and a second person.

Filling shelves

Shelf height and what to do about it

Above shoulder height
Use a step stool or platform ladder, not the bottom shelf or a milk crate. Light and slow lines only. Never throw stock up or place it on tiptoe
Between shoulder and knee
The safe zone. Heavy, bulky and fast-moving lines belong here — if they do not, raise it with your supervisor
Below knee height
Kneel on a pad or use a low stool rather than stooping. Work square to the shelf, bring the cage or cart alongside, and rotate to a different height every hour
Pallets and roll cages
Take from the top and the near side first. Break cartons down on the cage or a cart at waist height, not on the floor

Cartons, night fill and cutting

  • Cut cartons open on the cart or shelf, not while holding them, and use a safety knife with the blade retracted between cuts
  • Never carry a carton whose base has been cut or weakened — take the goods out where it sits
  • Lift cartons by the base with both hands, not by the flaps, handles punched in thin cardboard or the shrink wrap
  • Flatten cardboard at the baler or compactor as you go rather than lifting a mountain of it at the end
  • Working alone on night fill, you still need the step stool, the kneeling pad and the trolley — and a way to call for help

Roll cages and trolleys on the shop floor

  • Check the wheels turn freely and the brake holds before you load or move a cage
  • Load heavy items at the bottom and keep the load below the top rail so you can see over it
  • Push, do not pull, with your hands inside the frame or on the handle, not on the outside where they can be crushed against a shelf
  • Slow down at aisle ends and around end caps, where customers, prams and children appear without warning
  • Never leave a loaded cage on a slope or a ramp, even for a moment; park it with the brake on
  • Use the goods lift, never an escalator or travelator, for cages and platform trolleys
  • Move one cage at a time; nesting or towing a second is not acceptable unless your procedure and equipment are designed for it

Checkouts and service counters

Checkout work is repetitive in a way few other jobs are: reach, grip, drag, scan, lift, bag, repeat, hundreds of times an hour. The design of the register — belt length, scanner position, bagging height, whether there is a chair or a mat — sets your posture for the whole shift. Where equipment is adjustable, adjust it; where it is not, the way you work around it matters.

  • Slide items across the scanner rather than lifting them; lift only what has to be lifted
  • Do not lift heavy or bulky items — cartons of drink, bags of pet food, cases of water — over the scanner; use a hand scanner while they stay in the trolley
  • Keep the bagging area close and the bags open before you need them so you are not reaching and twisting
  • Alternate hands and turn your whole body rather than twisting at the waist to reach the belt or the bags
  • Use the anti-fatigue mat and the chair or leaning support if one is provided; change position often
  • Rotate off the register on the schedule your workplace sets, and take the breaks you are rostered
  • Tell your supervisor early if a register makes you reach, stoop or twist more than the others

Trolley collection

  • Use the collection aid your store provides — a motorised pusher, a tow strap or a coupling bar — and stay within the maximum number of nested trolleys in your procedure
  • A line of nested trolleys gets heavier and harder to steer with every trolley added; ten in a line can weigh several hundred kilograms
  • Push from the rear, look ahead, and go around slopes, kerbs and speed humps rather than straight over them
  • Check for trolleys with jammed or damaged wheels and take them out of service rather than fighting them
  • Wear the high-visibility vest and appropriate footwear; car parks combine moving cars, uneven bitumen and weather
  • Remove rubbish and left items from trolleys before you nest them, so the line does not jam

Commercial kitchens

Kitchen tasks and safer methods

Stock pots
Fill and empty them where they sit — ladle or jug the contents into smaller containers. A full pot is never carried. If a pot must move, let it cool, reduce the volume and use a trolley with two people
Deep fryer oil
Let it cool to a safe temperature, use the oil caddy, pump or drain valve, and never carry hot oil in a pot or bucket across the kitchen
Hotel pans and bain-marie inserts
Fill only to a depth you can control, carry close with a dry cloth, and use a trolley for anything beyond a few metres. Half-size pans halve the load
Dishwasher racks
Slide racks along the bench and roller track rather than lifting them; stack at the height they will be used, and keep the floor mats in place
Cool rooms and freezers
Heavy items at waist height on racking, never on the floor; keep the door clear; do not hurry on condensation; take gloves that grip
Sacks of flour, rice and sugar
Sack truck from the dock to the dry store, stored on a bench or low rack, decanted with a scoop into smaller tubs rather than lifted to pour
Bins and grease traps
Empty bins before they are full, wheel them rather than drag them, use a ramp over kerbs, and treat grease trap cleaning as a two-person task under the venue procedure
Wet floors
Mop in sections, use signs, and never carry a load across a floor that has just been mopped

Plates, trays and the coffee machine

  • Carry no more plates than you have been trained to carry and can hold securely — usually three; more is showing off, not service
  • Choose a tray sized for the load and use a tray stand or jack at the table rather than holding it while you unload
  • Keep trays close and level at waist to chest height, not held out at arm's length or balanced above your shoulder for long distances
  • Do not carry loaded trays or stacks of plates on stairs if a dumb waiter or lift exists
  • Bus tubs get heavy quickly with plates and glass; half-fill them and use a cart
  • Behind the bar and coffee machine, vary your grip, use a tamper that suits your hand, and rotate tasks to give wrists and shoulders a rest

Hotel housekeeping

  • Make beds from the sides, kneeling or lunging rather than bending double; lift mattress corners with both hands, close to the body
  • Use fitted sheets and pre-folded linen where the property provides them, and strip beds by rolling linen towards you rather than pulling it across
  • Do not overfill linen and rubbish bags — a half-full bag carried twice is safer than one you have to drag
  • Push the room trolley rather than pull it, load heavy items low, and do not stack it above eye level
  • Use long-handled tools and lightweight microfibre for baths, floors and mirrors to avoid kneeling and reaching
  • Report rooms with heavy furniture that must be moved to clean, and beds that sit too low to work from

Standing all shift, and the rush

Much of this sector is done standing still — a register, a pass, a bar, a reception desk. Sustained standing loads the lower back, knees and feet and reduces circulation. Anti-fatigue mats, supportive footwear, leaning supports where they are provided, small changes of position and the breaks you are rostered all matter, and none of them is optional because it is busy.

Peak is when the procedure matters most

Friday night service, the Christmas rush and delivery morning all create the same temptation: carry six plates, skip the trolley, lift the keg because the two of you are right there, stand on the shelf because the stool is in the next aisle. Rushing is where injuries happen. The two-person rule, the trolley and the step stool exist for busy times — a quiet Tuesday never needed them.

Practical scenario

Scenario: the keg on a Friday

It is 8 pm on a Friday and a keg blows. The keg trolley is out the back under a stack of cartons. The bar manager says the two of you can just carry the new keg down the cellar steps between you, it will only take a minute.

What should you do?

Reveal the explanation

Decline, and get the trolley. Two people carrying a 60 kg keg down steps have no safe grip, no way to see their feet and no way to stop if either slips — a dropped keg on a stairway can crush a foot or a hand. Clear the trolley, use the ramp or the hatch as your cellar procedure describes, and take it down with two people controlling it. A tap being off for five extra minutes is a much smaller problem than a crushed foot, and the manager's instruction does not override the venue's procedure or your duty to take reasonable care.

Practical scenario

Scenario: the top shelf without a stool

A shelf filler is stocking 2 litre juice on the top shelf. The step stool is at the other end of the store, so they stand on the edge of the bottom shelf, reach up with a bottle in each hand and place them above head height.

What is wrong, and what should happen instead?

Reveal the explanation

Standing on the bottom shelf is a fall risk, and placing a heavy item above head height at full reach loads the shoulders and back with no control if a bottle slips. Get the stool — or better, raise with your supervisor that heavy lines like 2 litre juice should not be on the top shelf at all, and that each aisle needs a stool within reach. Thirty seconds walking to the stool is part of the task, not a delay to it.

Practical scenario

Scenario: the stock pot

A chef asks a kitchen hand to take a full 50 litre stock pot off the burner and carry it to the sink to strain it. The floor between them was mopped ten minutes ago.

How should this be done?

Reveal the explanation

It should not be carried. A full pot of near-boiling liquid is a burn and crush hazard as well as a heavy, unstable load. Turn off the burner and let it cool; ladle or jug the stock into smaller containers where the pot sits; strain from those; then move the much lighter pot, with two people and a trolley if the kitchen's procedure requires it, once the floor is dry. If the kitchen does this regularly, it needs a pot with a tap or a mobile boiler and a written method.

Knowledge check

These questions are for your own learning. They are not part of the final assessment.

1. A full keg has been delivered to the back door and needs to go down the cellar ramp. What is the safest way to move it?

2. A night filler has spent two hours kneeling on tiles at a bottom shelf, twisting to take cartons from a roll cage parked behind them. Which change would help most?

3. A chef asks you to carry a full 50 litre stock pot from the stove to the sink. What should happen?

4. Which describes safe handling of a loaded roll cage on a shop floor with customers present?

5. It is a peak Friday service and a wait person is tempted to carry six plates at once to clear a table faster. What is the right call?

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